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Of  Primary Antibodies  and contraction of electrode materials during charging and discharging. Finally, the synergistic effectThis journal is The Royal Society of ChemistryNanoscale, 2021, 13, 5570593 |View Article OnlineReview of the host and guest active materials effectively improves the electrochemical performance of the whole electrode.  Nanobodies  of composite materials with the embedded porous structure provides a feasible electrode material design idea for potential applications of energy storage and conversion technology. 3.3.2 Core hell nanostructures. Core hell composite materials, named NPC ANI, are designed and fabricated using highly conductive polyaniline as the shell and ZIF-8derived porous carbon with a high specific surface area as the core (Fig. 13a).111 This synthesis strategy not only improves the mechanical stability of PANI without sacrificing the electronicNanoscale conductivity of the carbon core but also shortens the ion diffusion path to the core. Due to the combination of electric double layer capacitance (NPC) and pseudocapacitance (PANI), the capacitance value (1100 F g-1) of the NPC ANI was remarkably higher than that of individual NPC and PANI. The capacitance retention loses only 14  after 20 000 cycles suggesting high stability. The core hell NPC ANI composite displays a package of excellent electrochemical performance attributed to the accessibility of the deep void spaces by electrolyte ions and the controlled synergy of the carbon core and the PANI shell. A large number of studies have shown that the combination of transition metal compounds with carbonPublished on 20 February 2021. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Barbara on 5/15/2021 12:14:04 PM.Fig. 13 Schematic illustration for the synthesis process of (a) the NPC ANI; Reprinted with permission from ref. 111, Copyright 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry and (b) the MoS2-ZIF and ZDPC. (c) The GCD curves of MoS2 IF//ZDPC hybrid LICs. Reprinted with permission from ref. 112, Copyright 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry. Scheme for the synthesis process of (d) ZIF-8-CNiAl-LDH. Reprinted with permission from ref. 113, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Ltd and (e) NiCo2O4-NC. Reprinted with permission from ref. 114, Copyright 2017 Royal Society of Chemistry.5586 | Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 5570This journal is The Royal Society of ChemistryView Article OnlineNanoscale materials is an effective way to improve their electrochemical properties. Weng et al. reported a core hell structure composite electrode material (MoS2MPC) composed of a MoS2 nanosheet core and MOF-derived microporous carbon shell.115 The results show that the MoS2MPC composite with a coreshell structure exhibits higher specific capacitance (189 F g-1) than that of the mechanically mixed MoS2-MPC material (only 43 F g-1), which effectively verifies the importance of structural engineering in the process of energy storage. However, due to being encased by an MOF-derived microporous carbon shell, the active sites of MoS2 nanosheets cannot be fully utilized, which will significantly reduce its capacity contribution rate in the composite. Wang et al. proposed a design strategy for the core hell structure contrary to that by Weng et al.116 In Fig. 13b, the core hell MoS2-ZIF composite material with a 3D open frame and ZDPC were successfully fabricated. The ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets were uniformly attached to the ZIF-8 derived porous carbon. After calcining and KOH activation, the ZDPC, which i.